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Quintus Valerius Soranus (b. ''circa'' 140–130 BC,〔Conrad Cichorius, “Zur Lebensgeschichte des Valerius Soranus,” ''Hermes'' 41 (1906), p. 67; ''American Journal of Philology'' 28 (1907) 468.〕 d. 82 BC) was a Latin poet, grammarian, and tribune of the people in the Late Roman Republic. He was executed in 82 BC while Sulla was dictator,〔T.R.S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', vol. 2, 99 B.C.–31 B.C. (New York: American Philological Association, 1952), p. 68.〕 ostensibly for violating a religious prohibition against speaking the arcane name of Rome, but more likely for political reasons.〔Conrad Cichorius, “Zur Lebensgeschichte des Valerius Soranus,” ''Hermes'' 41 (1906) 59–68, remains the most thorough discussion of the evidence; English abstract in ''American Journal of Philology'' 28 (1907) 468.〕 The ''cognomen'' Soranus is a toponym indicating that he was from Sora.〔''Oxford Latin Dictionary'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1982, 1985 printing), entry on "Soranus," p. 1793.〕 A single elegiac couplet survives more or less intact from his body of work. The two lines address Jupiter as an all-powerful begetter who is both male and female. This androgynous, unitarian conception of deity,〔Jaime Alvar, “Matériaux pour l'étude de la formule ''sive deus, sive dea'',” ''Numen'' 32 (1985), pp. 259–260.〕 possibly an attempt to integrate Stoic and Orphic doctrine, has made the fragment of interest in religious studies.〔Edward Courtney, ''The Fragmentary Latin Poets'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), pp. 66–68; Attilio Mastrocinque, "Creating One's Own Religion: Intellectual Choices," in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'', edited by Jörg Rüpke (Blackwell, 2007), p. 382.〕 Valerius Soranus is also credited with a little-recognized literary innovation: Pliny the Elder says he was the first writer to provide a table of contents to help readers navigate a long work.〔Pliny the Elder, preface 33, ''Historia naturalis''; John Henderson, “Knowing Someone Through Their Books: Pliny on Uncle Pliny (''Epistles'' 3.5),” ''Classical Philology'' 97 (2002), p. 275.〕 ==Life and political career== Cicero has an interlocutor in his ''De oratore'' praise Valerius Soranus as “most cultured of all who wear the toga,”〔Marcus Tullius Cicero, ''De oratore'' 3.43: ''litteratissimum togatorum omnium''.〕 and Cicero lists him and his brother Decimus among an educated elite of ''socii et Latini'';〔Marcus Tullius Cicero, ''Brutus'' 169.〕 that is, those who came from allied polities on the Italian peninsula rather than from Rome, and those whose legal status was defined by Latin right rather than full Roman citizenship. The municipality of Sora was near Cicero's native Arpinum, and he refers to the Valerii Sorani as his friends and neighbors.〔Cicero, ''Brutus'' 169: ''vicini et familiares mei''; Elizabeth Rawson, ''Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic'' (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985), p. 34.〕 Soranus was also a friend of Varro and is mentioned more than once in that scholar's multi-volume work on the Latin language.〔Marcus Terentius Varro, ''De lingua latina'' 7.31, 7.65, 10.70; Aulus Gellius, ''Noctes Atticae'' 2.10.3; Edward Courtney, ''The Fragmentary Latin Poets'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), p. 65.〕 The son of Q. Valerius Soranus is thought to have been the Quintus Valerius Orca who was praetor in 57 BC.〔Giovanni Niccolini, ''I fasti dei tribuni della plebe'' (Milan 1934), pp. 430–431.〕 Orca had worked for Cicero's return to public life〔Marcus Tullius Cicero, ''Post reditum in senatu'' 23.〕 and is among Cicero's correspondents in the ''Epistulae ad familiares'' (''Letters to Friends and Family'').〔Marcus Tullius Cicero, ''Epistulae ad familiares'' 13.4 (= 318 in the chronological edition of Shackleton Bailey), 13.5 (= 319 SB), 13.6 (= 57 SB), 13.6a (= 58 SB); discussion in John Pairman Brown, ''Israel and Hellas: Sacred Institutions and Roman Counterparts'', vol. 2 (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1995), pp. 248–249.〕 Cicero presents the Valerii brothers of Sora as well schooled in Greek and Latin literature, but less admirable for their speaking ability.〔Cicero, ''Brutus'' 169: ''non tam in dicendo admirabilis quam doctus et Graecis litteris et Latinis''.〕 As Italians, they would have been lacking to Cicero's ears in the smooth sophistication (''urbanitas'') and faultless pronunciation of the best native Roman orators.〔Edwin S. Ramage, “Cicero on Extra-Roman Speech,” ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'' 92 (1961) 481–494, especially pp. 487–488.〕 This attitude of social exclusivity may account for why Valerius Soranus, whose scholarly interests and friendships might otherwise suggest a conservative temperament, would have found his place in the civil wars of the 80s on the side of the popularist Marius rather than that of the patrician Sulla.〔John Pairman Brown, ''Israel and Hellas'', vol. 2 (Berlin 1995), pp. 249–250.〕 It might also be noted that Cicero's expression of this attitude is double-edged: like Marius and the Valerii Sorani, he was also a man from a ''municipium'', and had to overcome the same obstructing biases that he adopts and expresses.〔Elizabeth Rawson, ''Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic'' (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985), p. 34 ''et passim''.〕 In 82 BC, the year of his death, Valerius Soranus was or had been a tribune of the people (''tribunus plebis''), a political office open only to those of plebeian rather than patrician birth.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Quintus Valerius Soranus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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